Implementing Public Engagement

A stakeholder is any person, group or organization that project outcomes may impact. Stakeholders can influence a project and play an important role in its success.

Staff should identify potential stakeholders to make them aware of and/or invite their participation in the project. Identifying those who will be impacted directly and indirectly by the project and understanding their needs and expectations before the project starts will increase the chances of a successful outcome. Involving stakeholders can lead to a better public participation process and improved decisions.

Internal vs. external stakeholders

Stakeholders can be internal or external to a project. Internal stakeholders are those within the City organization who have a direct interest in the project due to their role, such as City departments and Council offices.

External stakeholders are people outside of the City organization with an interest in the project. External stakeholders may include community members, business groups, other public agencies and community organizations.

Considerations for identifying stakeholders

A focused effort should be made to identify a project's stakeholders to be able to invite their input or facilitate their awareness.

There are many ways to identify stakeholders, such as by organization type, interests, industry, demographics, occupation, where they live and more.

Understanding project impacts, benefits and challenges can help in identifying stakeholders and their possible perspectives.

Staff should set aside time to identify stakeholders for a project. Staff can also have early conversations with stakeholders as needed and reference previous projects to understand potential stakeholder perspectives and interests.